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Horology
- Abbey Clock Clinic - Mark
Headrick's Horology Page - Traditional horology website with
information and mantainance tips. Technical descriptions and
troubleshooting of escapements. Grandfather clocks, wall clocks,
and watches.
- Allan
Variance -- Overview by David W. Allan - Core algorithm of
international time scale has multiple metrology applications, from
atomic clock frequency characterization to definition of the
meter. Equation, explanation and publications.
- Antique Horology
- The Horological Foundation's directory of web sites for watches,
clocks, instruments and barometers.
- Clocks and Time -
Horological index for organizations, clock and watch museums,
related software, mailing lists and links. Maintained by Gordon T.
Uber.
- Cumbria Clock Company
- Company specialized in all aspects of work connected with church
clocks, public clocks, and tower clocks which includes the full
historical restoration of antique clock movements.
- David Knight -
Watchmaker from UK - Articles and pictures of the first two
watches made by David Knight. Rich artistic pictures.
- Daylight Saving
Time - History of daylight saving time and how we use it to
save energy.
- Hampton
Court Clock - The story of the famous Astronomical clock at
Hampton Court Palace. By the author of the original official guide
books with the extra omitted information.
- The
History of Clocks and Watches - Learn about the history of
clocks and watches, and discover the evolution of timekeeping
devices from the first primitive sundials to the ultramodern
atomic clocks. Includes a timeline.
- Horology.com - Horology
is the science of time, timekeeping and timekeepers. Organized
collection of links to horological websites globally.
- 24
hour analog clocks - The 24 hour analog clock and watch site.
History, software, and the places to find clocks with 24 h dials.
- How Stuff Works:
Time - Complete five-part explanation of time and how it is
measured, including information about clocks, time zones,
calendars, BC and AD.
- How
The Days of the Week Got Their Names - A short history of the
week and each day of the week.
- Jens Olsen's
Astronomical Clock - Description of the restoration of Jens
Olsen's Astronomical Clock, a masterpiece in Copenhagen City Hall
that consists of 15.448 individual parts.
- Layman's
Guide to the Gent's Electric Turret Clock - A Layman's Guide
to the working and restoration of a Gent's Pulsynetic Waiting
Train Electric Pendulum Turret Clock.
- Leap
Year Calculation for Year 2000 - A response to a VMS problem
report giving a detailed explanation of why 2000 is a leap year.
- Louis Essen
- Autobiography of the physicist who built the world's first
operational atomic clock.
- Mark Frank's Home Page
- Website showing the restoration of a french flat bed tower clock
in great detail, step by step, as well as other information and
links of tower clock sites.
- On Time -
The Smithsonian Institute's exhibition on the changing ways we
have measured, used, and thought about time over the past three
hundred years.
- "Orologio"
at the St. Mark's Square Tower, Venice - Antica Orologeria
Zamberlan - Website of Antica Orologeria Zamberlan, Italy.
Extensive technical and historical explanation of the restoration
and controversy of the "Orologio" Tower at St. Mark's
Square, Venice.
- Pocket Horology -
National chapter of the NAWCC dedicated to collaborative research
on the history and horology of pocket watches.
- Pulsynetic
Electric Clocks - Description, pictures and diagrams of many
of the horological products made before 1945 By Gent's of
Leicester GB, including a rare Observatory controlled transmitter.
- R.A.
Braithwaite - Educational site Elliott clocks, how they are
built and how to look after them.
- UNITAS Reference Site
- UNITAS wristwatch and pocketwatch movements from 1898 to the
present.
ISO 8601
- International
Standard Date and Time Notation - by Markus Kuhn - An
introduction to ISO 8601, the YYYY-MM-DD date and the 24-hour time
notation, with notes on week numbers and on implementation.
- The
Best Of Dates, The Worst Of Dates - Just because Y2K is over,
doesn't mean programmers are done creating date bugs - covers many
date and time issues, especially ISO 8601 - by Gilbert Healton.
- Calculating
the ISO week number - by Jan Stout. - WeekNumber Calculation
Explanation.
- Changing
Your Operating System's Default Date Format - Changing your
operating system's default date format to use four-digit years -
University of California at Berkeley.
- The
Code Project: C# Programming - Free source code and tutorial
for a Gregorian Date To ISO Date Converter for Windows.
- Date and Time Notation
- Macintosh Procedure for ISO 8601 Format - Setting up your
Mac to use the Year-Month-Day date format. Instructions are for
MAC OS 7, but are easily adapted for later versions.
- Date and Time Notation
- Windows Procedure for ISO 8601 Format - Setting up your PC
to use the Year-Month-Day date format. Instructions are for
Windows 95, but are easily adapted for later versions.
- Date and
Time on the Internet - A proposal to use the ISO date format
for Internet applications - by Chris Newman.
- Date
and Time on the Internet - Timestamps - Document:
draft-ietf-impp-datetime-05 - An updated proposal to use a limited
subset of ISO-compliant date formats for date stamps on the
Internet - by Chris Newman.
- Date and Time on
the Internet: Timestamps - RFC 3339 defines a date and time
format for use in Internet protocols that is a profile of the ISO
8601 standard for representation of dates and times using the
Gregorian calendar - by Graham Klyne and Chris Newman [FTP].
- Date
and Time: Week Numbers - Windows date and time locale tables
sorted both by country order and by definition order - by Peter J
Haas in Germany.
- Dated
Material - Is the Y2K Problem Really Over? - Discussion about
the use and misuse of various date formats - Intelligent
Enterprise Magazine - Celko.
- Delphi 32 -
Components: Date & Time: Clocks - ISO Week Number (Program
Code) - Here's some code that generates the weeknumber for a
given date in accordance with ISO standard 8601:1988 (European
Standard EN 28601).
- Discussion
About the ISO 8601 Standard - About 200 people worldwide, who
already use and promote the ISO 8601 Year-Month-Day date format
have formed this discussion group. Go here for help and advice, or
for general discussion. Message archive can be browsed. If you
wish to join in, there are options to participate via the
Web-based front-end, or subscribe via email.
- Implementation of
the ISO 8601 Standard - A list of countries around the world
that have adopted the ISO 8601 standard, also lists equivalent
national standards numbers where applicable.
- Info on
ISO 8601, the date and time representation standard - A short
description of and motivation for ISO 8601, the date and time
representation standard, with links to more detailed resources -
by Jukka Korpela in Finland.
- International
Date Format Campaign - Describes and lists many reasons why
the ISO 8601 standard should be more widely adopted in Computing,
on the Internet, and in everyday life - by Steve Adams in England.
- ISO
8601 - A short introduction to the ISO 8601 format.
- ISO
8601 - The Right Solution - The wonderful thing about the
computer industry, it is said, "If you like standards, there
are a lot to choose from". Provides useful information and
background about date format issues.
- ISO
8601 compliant website button - A button to place on an
iso-8601 compliant website.
- ISO 8601
Date and Time - Converting and Implementing - How to implement
the use of the Year-Month-Day Date format in various computer
systems - includes some programming examples and the 'Date Format
Poll' - by Nikolai Sandved in Norway.
- ISO
8601 Date/Time Representations - A simple introduction to ISO
8601 date and time formats - University of Wellington in New
Zealand.
- ISO
8601: the Right Format for Dates - A short description, and
guide to usage, of the ISO 8601 format, with some links to further
resources.
- The ISO
Date Format - Discussion of formats for expressing dates, with
particular reference to the ISO 8601 date format - by Peter Meyer.
- ISO
note on the standard - Brief description of the standard from
the publishers themselves.
- ISO Week
Algorithm - An algorithm for converting Gregorian Calendar
Dates to the ISO 8601 Week Date format (Y2K Compliant).
- The
ISO Week Date Calendar - A calendar of weeks based on the ISO
8601 week notation - convert any date into week number and day
number.
- Issues about Date
and Time - by Clive D.W. Feather.
- Javascript
Code - Parsing ISO 8601 Date/Times in JavaScript.
- Mac
OS X 10.0: How to Set Date and Time to ISO 8601:1988 Standard
- Apple support document.
- The
Many Dates and Times of Perl - A tour of the many date and
time handling modules on the CPAN - by Dave Rolsky.
- The
Mathematics of the ISO 8601 Calendar - A comprehensive
document covering how week numbers are calculated using the ISO
8601 calendar system. Includes links to many further resources.
- New Date - A
private site about the advantages of using ISO 8601-style dates.
- Problem
F - Standard Dates (50 Points) - A problem set for computer
studies students involving programming using the ISO 8601 date
format.
- Project
2038 FAQ - Description of computer problems with date/time
calculations coming in year 2038.
- Schema
Time Changes (Draft) - Useful information about date and time
- by M. Davis.
- Standards
for Representing Dates - Useful overview and discussion on
adopting ISO standards and four-digit year formats as part of Y2K
readiness and future-proofing of software - University of
California at Berkeley.
- Standards
to be obeyed by the masses: Representing temporal and monetary
data on the web - [Text/PDF: 50KB] - A well researched paper
into the usage of various Date and Time, and Monetary, formats on
the Internet which recommends the widespread adoption of ISO 3166,
ISO 4217, and ISO 8601 - by Gerhard Knolmayer.
- UN/ECE
Trade Facilitation Recommendation 07 - The United Nations
Economic Commission for Europe - Working Party on Facilitation of
International Trade Procedures - Recommendation 07 - Numerical
Representation of Dates, Time and Periods of Time.
- Use International
Date Format - How and why to use international date format in
your document - from the W3C QA section.
- Use ISO
8601 and Drop mm/dd/yy and am/pm - Justin JIH, a Taiwanese
American, sets out the reasons why adopting the YYYY-MM-DD date
format is preferred. Includes useful links to further resources.
- Using
ISO 8601 Dates - ISO 8601 Dates: What they are and why they're
good - University of Illinois at Chicago in the USA.
- Various
Date and Time Format Miscellany - by J R Stockton - Covers
written date and time formats, ISO Standard 8601 (with links) and
converting to and from Roman Numbers. Discusses reforming American
format dates as well as JavaScript and non-text formats.
- W3C
Date and Time Formats - Defines a profile of ISO 8601
referenced by the W3C HTML recommendation.
- W3C
I18N Q&A: Date formats - Discussion of date formats for
internationalisation.
- Week Numbers
In Excel - How to calculate absolute week numbers, Excel week
numbers and ISO week numbers (with Formula and VBA). Links to
other ISO 8601 related materials.
- 54 Weeks in 2000
: Another Y2K Problem! - A short discussion about week
numbering, showing how the ISO 8601 standard had fixed a Y2K
problem, long before it was noticed in other non-ISO
week-numbering schemes.
- Year
2000 Readiness - Research Resources - International Date Standard
- K-State Year 2000 Research Resources - Indepth: International
date notation standards.
- The
Y2K Problem, UIC, and You - Describes Year 2000 fixes for
computer systems, mainly based on using the ISO 8601 standard for
dates.
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