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Concerning this text, Dastur Firoze M. Kotwal and James
Boyd (in their 1982 book A Guide to the Zoroastrian Religion) writes,
"a Pahlavi work of the ninth century A.C. which contains answers
given by Dastur Manushchihr i Goshnajaman of Pars and Kerman, Iran, to
92 queries put to him by his co-religionists."
SOME chapters of the inquiries which Mitro-khurshed,
son of Aturo-mahan, and others of the good religion made of the
glorified (anoshako-ruban) Manushchihar, son of Yudan-Yim, and the
replies given by him in explanation.
- Chapter 1. Introductory
- Chapter 2. Why a righteous man
is better than all creatures, spiritual or worldly
- Chapter 3. Why a righteous man
is created, and how he should act
- Chapter 4. Why a righteous man is great
- Chapter 5. How temporal
distress is to be regarded
- Chapter 6. Why the good suffer
more than the bad in this world
- Chapter 7. Why we are created,
and what we ought to do
- Chapter 8. Whether good works
done for the dead differ in effect from those ordered or done by
themselves
- Chapter 9. How far they differ
- Chapter 10. The growth of good
works during life
- Chapter 11. Whether the growth
of a good work be as commendable as the original good work
- Chapter 12. Whether it
eradicates sin equally well
- Chapter 13. Whether one is made
responsible for all his sins and good works separately at the last
account, or only for their balance
- Chapter 14. The angels who take
account of sin and good works, and how sinners are punished
- Chapter 15. The exposure of a
corpse does not occasion the final departure of life, and is
meritorious
- Chapter 16. Whether the soul be
aware of, or disturbed by, the corpse being gnawed
- Chapter 17. Reasons for the exposure of
corpses
- Chapter 18. How the corpse and
bones are to be disposed of
- Chapter 19. Whether departed
souls can see Ohrmazd and Ahriman
- Chapter 20. Where the souls of
the righteous and wicked go
- Chapter 21. The Daitih peak, the
Chinwad bridge, and the two paths of departed souls
- Chapter 22. Whether the spirits
are distressed when a righteous man dies
- Chapter 23. How the life departs
from the body
- Chapter 24. Where a righteous
soul stays for the first three nights after death, and what it does
next
- Chapter 25. Where a wicked soul
stays for the first three nights after death, and what it does next
- Chapter 26. The nature of heaven
and its pleasures
- Chapter 27. The nature of hell
and its punishments
- Chapter 28. Why ceremonies in
honor of Srosh are performed for the three days after a death
- Chapter 29. Why Srosh must be
reverenced separately from other angels
- Chapter 30. Why three sacred
cakes are consecrated at dawn after the third night from a death
- Chapter 31. How a righteous soul
goes to heaven, and what it finds and does there
- Chapter 32. How a wicked soul
goes to hell, and what it finds and suffers there
- Chapter 33. The position and
subdivisions of hell
- Chapter 34. The two ways from the
Daitih peak; that of the righteous to heaven, and that of the wicked
to hell
- Chapter 35. The continuance of
mankind in the world till the resurrection
- Chapter 36. The preparers of the
renovation of the universe
- Chapter 37. The contest of the
good and evil spirits from the creation till the resurrection, and
the condition of creation after the resurrection, with references to
Christianity and Judaism
- Chapter 38. The effect of doing more
good works than are necessary for attaining to the supreme heaven
- Chapter 39. Reasons for wearing
the sacred thread girdle [kusti]
- Chapter 40. On the sacred shirt
[sudra] and thread-girdle, grace before and after eating, and
cleansing the mouth before the after-grace
- Chapter 41. The sin of apostasy,
and how to atone for it
- Chapter 42. The good works of him who
saves others from apostasy
- Chapter 43. The distance at
which the fire can be addressed, the use of a lamp, and the proper
order of the propitiatory dedications, when consecrating a sacred
cake [dron]
- Chapter 44. Whether a skillful
priest who is employed to perform ceremonies, but is not officially
the priest of the district, should be paid a regular stipend
- Chapter 45. The separate duties
of priests and disciples
- Chapter 46. When a priest can
abandon the priesthood to obtain a livelihood
- Chapter 47. Whether a priest who
knows the Avesta, or one who understands the commentary, be more
entitled to the foremost place at a sacred feast
- Chapter 48. The advantage and proper
mode of celebrating the ceremonial
- Chapter 49. Whether it be lawful
to buy corn and keep it long, so as to raise the price for the sake
of profit
- Chapter 50. Whether it be lawful
to sell wine to foreigners and infidels
- Chapter 51. The sin of
drunkenness, and what constitutes immoderate drinking
- Chapter 52. Whether a man who bargains
to deliver wheat in a month, and takes a deposit, is bound to
deliver the wheat if its market-price has risen enormously
- Chapter 53. Whether it be lawful
to sell cattle to those of a different religion
- Chapter 54. Whether a man
without a son can give away his property to one daughter on his
death-bed; the laws of inheritance, and when an adopted son must be
appointed, in such a case
- Chapter 55. Whose duty it is to
order the ceremonies after a death
- Chapter 56. The laws of adoption
and family-guardianship
- Chapter 57. Those who are fit,
or unfit, for adoption
- Chapter 58. The three kinds of
adoption
- Chapter 59. The least amount of
property that requites the appointment of an adopted son
- Chapter 60. The sin of not
appointing an adopted son, or of appointing a dishonest one
- Chapter 61. The merit and
demerit of family-guardianship
- Chapter 62. The laws of
inheritance
- Chapter 63. Whether it be lawful
to seize property from foreigners and infidels
- Chapter 64. The origin of
Gayomard, Mashye, and Mashyane
- Chapter 65. The origin of
next-of-kin marriage
- Chapter 66. Regarding the cost of
religious rites, and whether a priest's fees can be reduced when
others will take less
- Chapter 67. The cause of the
rainbow
- Chapter 68. The cause of the
phases of the moon
- Chapter 69. The cause of
eclipses
- Chapter 70. The causes of
river-beds
- Chapter 71. What things happen
through destiny, and what through exertion
- Chapter 72. The seven heinous
sinners, and the necessity of avoiding him who commits unnatural
intercourse
- Chapter 73. Whether the stench
of such intercourse reaches the sky
- Chapter 74. Whether that stench
disturbs the archangels
- Chapter 75. Whether the angels
raise such a sinner from the dead at the resurrection
- Chapter 76. Whether it be a good
work to kill such a sinner
- Chapter 77. Why such intercourse is a
heinous sin
- Chapter 78. Why adultery is
heinous, and how one can atone for it
- Chapter 79. The sin of not
repeating the full grace before drinking (when one is able to do
so), and how one can atone for it
- Chapter 80. Regarding him who
does not order ceremonies
- Chapter 81. About the ceremonies
for the living soul
- Chapter 82. About him who pays
for ceremonies and him who takes the money without performing them
- Chapter 83. Whether a priest
must undertake all religious rites
- Chapter 84. Whether gifts to the
priesthood for ceremonies can be diminished or increased
- Chapter 85. The advantages of
increasing such gifts
- Chapter 86. The harm of
diminishing such gifts
- Chapter 87. Why it is good to
give such gifts
- Chapter 88. About the cost of
religious rites in Pars
- Chapter 89. Whether when a man
has once resolved to go into Pars, with gifts for the priesthood, it
be lawful for him to send another man with the gifts
- Chapter 90. The seven immortal
rulers in the region of Khwaniras before the coming of the good
religion
- Chapter 91. The nature and
material of the sky
- Chapter 92. The course and
benefit of the water of Aredvisur
- Chapter 93. Tishtar's seizing of water
from the ocean to rain it upon the earth, and his conflict with
Apaosh
- Chapter 94. Conclusion
Suggested Reading
| Source:
Translated by E. W. West, from Sacred Books of the East, volume
24, Oxford University Press, 1880.
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