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Medieval India
- The
Babur Nama - An extract from Babur's account of his invasion
of India, a backgrounder on the Babri Masjid issue and Mir Baqi's
inscription on the mosque
- A
Forgotten Empire: Vijayanagar; A Contribution to the History of
India - The text of the history by Robert Sewell. At Project
Gutenberg.
- Hindu
Kush means Hindu Slaughter - Accounts of the taking of
captives across the Hindu Kush into West Asia and the possible
origins of European Gypsies in these captives.
- Impact of
Islam on India - Examines the impact of Islam on Indian
culture, society, trade, politics, manufacturing, social
relations, art and crafts and urbanization
- Portuguese
Bengal - The history of Portuguese settlements in Bangla
Desh,the Coromandel Coast, and Arakan.
- The
Real Akbar. - Unsympathetic account of Akbar, detailing some
of his less publicised and intolerant acts and practices.
- The
Rise and Fall of the Mughals - On Mughal military expansion,
development of trade and manufacturing by Sher Shah Suri and Akbar,
Mughal arts and crafts, and factors that contributed to the
collapse of the empire.
- Sidi
Al Reis; Travels to India - Extract from the Mirat ul Memalik,
the account by Sidi Al Reis, a Turkish admiral of his travels in
India in 1557.
- Details
of the Life of Shivaji Maharaj - The first Maratha hero to
successfully resist Muslim kings in 17th century and founder of
the Maratha empire. Seen as an ideal king, considered a great
protector of Hinduism.
- James
Laine, Shivaji And Freedom Of Speech - Manu Bhagavan on the
ideologies behind the attacks on James Laine, for permitting
material alleged to be disrespectful of Shivaji to appear in his
book.
- Shivaji
and the Marathas - Some key topics are missing and awaiting
completion but there are a few useful articles.
- Christian
Science Monitor: How a US historian sparked calls for his arrest
- "Laine is the latest in a long string of authors to meet
the violent face of political correctness in India." (March
29, 2004)
- BBC
: The Mughal Empire - A brief account of the Mughal (or Mogul)
Empire, which ruled most of India and Pakistan in the 16th and
17th centuries; it also spread Muslim (and particularly Persian)
arts and culture in South Asia.
- A
Concise History Of India : The Mogul Empire - Covers the rise
and decline of the Mogul Empire on the Indian sub-continent, from
1500 to 1765 CE.
- The
Hilltop Palace in the Fort of Daulatabad - An illustrated
history and description of a site of particular importance for
Mughal imperial ambitions for the control of the Deccan. [Maharashtra,
India]
- Indian
History Sourcebook : An Account of India and the Great Moghul,
1655 - An excerpt from Francois Bernier's "An Account of
India and the Great Moghul" of 1655 CE. Describes Shah Jehan
and his rule.
- The
Memoirs of Babur - An extract from the Babur Nama (translation
by Annette Susannah Beveridge, 1921) where the first Mughal
emperor chronicles his conquest of Delhi and Agra.
- The
Mughal Empire - A timeline from 1526 to the Battle of Plassey.
- The
Mughals - A history of the empire, from its origins; includes
biographies, exploits and cultural achievements of the emperors;
also a brief account of the Sikhs, and colonial rule.
- Period
of Muslim Dominance 1207-1701 C.E. - An overview of Islam, the
Delhi Sultanate (founded by Qutb-ud-Din Aibek), and the Mughal
Empire of Babur. Includes links to other resources.
- When the Moguls
Ruled ... - A history of the Mughal Empire; includes maps,
biographies of rulers, a timeline, and examples of their arts.
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Archeology
- Archaeobotanical
and Settlement Survey, South Indian Neolithic - Fieldwork has
involved Reinvestigation of known archaeological sites through
test excavations together with Professor Ravi Korisettar of
Karnatak University and Dr. P. C. Venkatasubbaiah.
- Archaeobotany
of Early Historic sites in Southern Tamil Nadu - Sites sampled
included two that were under excavation by the Tamil State
Government Department of Archaeology and one which Dr. Rajan has
had excavations on in the past.
- Archaeobotany
of the Vindhyan Neolithic, Gangetic India, Uttar Pradesh -
This study, in collaboration with Professor J. N. Pal hopes to
assess the evidence for early rice cultivation, as well as other
crops, from the Mesolithic to Neolithic archaeological sequence
provided by the sites of Chopani-Mando, Koldihwa and Mahagara.
- Archaeology
in the Third World - Review by D. P. Agrawal of Dilip K.
Chakrabarti's 2003 volume.
- Archaic
Indian Punch Marked Coins - An article by Shailendra Bhandare
on approaches to the classification of Archaic Indian punch marked
coins.
- Artifacts
or Geofacts? - An alternative explanation of alleged artifacts
from the Gulf of Cambay, western India.
- Asoka
Statues Unearthed in India - An article from the BBC reporting
the discovery of two statues of King Asoka.
- Banawali Mound
- Banawali Mound lies 14 kms, north-west of Fatehbad on the right
bank of the Rangoi Nala. It is spread over an 1kmsq area and is 10
meters high.
- Bhimbetka
[Archaeological Site in India] - Features an illustrated
article about mesolithic artists who loved to paint animals.
- Buddhist
Archaeological Sites - A survey of Buddhist archaeological
sites with links to photographs of surviving stupas and museum
sculpture collections.
- Concern
Over Distortions - An article in Frontline reporting that
participants at the Kolkata session of the Indian History Congress
express concern over attempts to distort history in school
textbooks and thus subvert secular education.
- Dholavira
- A description of the Harappan site at Dholavira.
- Discover
India - Features articles on Banawali, Dholavira, and Burzahom,
archaeological sites in India.
- Excavations at
Arikamedu, India - On the southeast coast of India just south
of Pondicherry, is the most famous archaeological site in southern
India. Discovered in the 1930s and quickly linked with Roman
trade, it was excavated three times in the 1940s. The first
excavation was an amateur French endeavor. Wheeler conducted the
second; with the third being conducted by Casal.
- Excavations
at the Palaeolithic Site of Attirampakkam - Significant
conceptual developments in Indian prehistory and Quaternary
studies had their origin in research at this site, which was also
characterised as a type-site of the Acheulian handaxe-based
'Madras Industries'.
- An
Extensive Middle Palaeolithic Quarry Landscape in the Kaladgi
Basin - The Kaladgi Basin is a well-known region of southern
India as the area has been subject to archaeological surveys from
the 1960s to the 1980s. Survey has resulted in the identification
of 191 Middle Palaeolithic localities along the margins of the
Malaprabha and Ghataprabha rivers.
- Group of Monuments
at Hampi - A brief description and justification for
inscription.
- The
Gulf of Khambat Debate - Discussion with two eminent
historians on the underwater discoveries in the Gulf of Khambat,
announced in January 2002.
- Gupta
Era Statue Found in Patna - From the Times of India reporting
that a statue belonging to the
Gupta period was unearthed while
digging for construction of a temple near Rani Ghat on the
outskirts of Patna district.
- Harappan
Civilization - Haryana, Rajasthan & Beyond? - An article
in The South Asian describing excavations at the village of
Rakhigarhi, about 150km from Delhi.
- Heritage
in Ruins - From Tribune, 20 km from Chandigarh, is the
township of Pinjore, which is steeped in history; besides being a
retreat for tourists, has remained the centre of attraction for
art lovers and archaeologists who come here to see these rare
archaeological findings
- Hindutva
and History - An editorial article in Frontline discussing
history as projected by Hindutva ideologues, which is being
introduced to children through textbooks and is being imposed upon
research institutes.
- India
and Southern Asia Chronology - Articles and images.
- India
Uncovers Ancient Buddhist Marvel - An article from the BBC
reporting the excavation in Bihar, of one of the world's tallest
Buddhist stupas.
- India's
Salt Lake Cities - Recent digs in the ancient town that was
Dholavira are revealing a civilization vastly ahead of its time.
- Lost
City Found Off Indian Coast - From the BBC, a city which has
been the subject of legend for thousands of years is discovered
off the south-east coast of India.
- Making
of Copper Artifacts in Ancient India - In India, copper ores
are found in various parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, Bihar, Uttar
Pradesh, and Andhra Pradesh. There is evidence of mining and the
making of copper artifacts.
- Man and
Man-Lion: the Philadelphia Narasimha - Article by Dr. Michael
W. Meister discussing a red sandstone attached sculpture of
Narasimha (Vishnu as the Man-Lion or Killer of Demons).
- Megalithic
Pochampad: The Skeletal Biology and Archaeological Context of an
Iron Age Site in Andhra Pradesh, India - Asian Perspectives
41(1). Human skeletal remains from a burial site in southern India
excavated in the 1960s by the Department of Archaeology and
Museums of the Government of Andhra Pradesh, Hyderabad, have been
analyzed. (PDF)
- On
the banks of the Yamuna river in the state of Uttar Pradesh -
In ancient times, Mathura was also known by other names such as
Madhura and Madhupura.
- The
Origins of Iron-working in India - Recent excavations in Uttar
Pradesh have turned up iron artefacts, furnaces, tuyeres and slag
in layers radiocarbon dated between c. BCE 1800 and 1000. [PDF]
- Peopling
of India - An article discussing research into mDNA base
sequences, combined with archaeological and linguistic data as
applied to the question of the peopling of India.
- Prehistoric
Rock Paintings in India - Examples of cave art dating back
over 20,000 years.
- Ritual
and Presentation in Early Buddhist Religious Architecture -
Asian Perspectives 43(1). The physical organization and layout of
Buddhist reliquary mounds, stupas, provides a window into the
forms of ritual practiced by Buddhists in the first few centuries
B.C. through the end of the second century A.D. (PDF)
- Ropar,
India - Article by Upinder Singh describes the history of this
site inhabited from about 2100 B.C. to 1700 A.D. and finds made in
excavations.
- Sangam
- Sangam is a site devoted, but not limited to, the study of
pre-historic and stone age of India. It has the Table of Contents
of Man and Environment.
- Saraswati
Project May be Buried - From the Times of India, a pet project
of the then culture minister Jagmohan, officials now indicate that
it would be certainly axed.
- Social
Life in Medieval Deccan : Status of Women - Status of Women in
14th Century South India.
- Sphinx of
India - The recent discovery of the sphinx in the art and
tradition of India shines a new light on our understanding of
India in the history of civilization.
- Temple
and Village: Patterns and Prints of India - A special
exhibition at the Frank H. McClung Museum in 1998. Includes a
short description of textiles in ancient India.
- A
Unique Memorial to a Learned Lady - Recent discovery of a
stone portrait of a woman scholar of the 10th century.
- Urn-burial
Site Found at Adichanallur - From the Hindu, 20 urns, painted
pot sherds, black ware and red ware have been unearthed. The
burial site is adjacent to a lake on a huge mound on the southern
bank of the Tamiraparani.
- Roof
collapse in Purana Qila - From IndiaExpress, the roof of a
cell on the walls of the Purana Qila collapsed due to heavy rains
that lashed the city last week, according to workers at the
monument. (September 23, 2005)
- Mother
Goddess Figurines Found in Tamil Nadu - From the Hindu,
terracotta figurines of the Mother Goddess have been found at
Andipatti in Tiruvannamalai district and Modur in Dharmapuri
district of Tamil Nadu during excavations conducted by the State
Archaeology Department. (May 25, 2005)
- The
Tell-tale Pallava Stamp - From the Hindu, a newly revealed
Tamil inscription confirms the origins of an unearthed
Mamallapuram temple. (April 29, 2005)
- Iron
Age Habitational Site Found at Adichanallur - From The Hindu,
habitational site of the Iron Age people who were buried in big
urns at Adichanallur, 24 km from Tirunelveli town in Tamil Nadu. (April
3, 2005)
- Archaeologists
hit paydirt in Gola Dhora - A nine-year search ended
successfully for MSu archaeologists this winter when their
two-month excavation in Rajkot's Bagasra opened gates to a new
city. (March 11, 2005)
- Unprotected,
Prehistoric Rock Art Withering Away - From the Times of India,
the 12 prehistoric rock paintings found scattered along state's
eastern tribal belt are perhaps the only indicators that man also
inhabited Gujarat in the Mesolithic period (July 13, 2004)
- Visvarupa -
Treats the beginning of Brahmanical figures in Northern India
which are seen as visual images of cosmogonic theory. Their
anthropomorphic figures are emanatory, issuing from a central
figure and represent, not a group of figures, but a process of
cosmic becoming in its continuity. Form 'multiple icons' as phases
of the process of creation, and is shown as an ongoing,
uninterrupted whole. (July 5, 2004)
- 997
A.D. Stone Inscriptions Found in Tamil Nadu - From the Hindu,
bilingual inscriptions in Tamil `vatteluttu' and Sanskrit in
Grantha letters engraved on an outlet stone of a big lake has been
found at Madakkulam village near Srivilliputhur, Virudhunagar
district. (July 4, 2004)
- Champaner's
Now on World Heritage Site List - From Express India, the
State got its first world heritage site on Thursday when the
medieval ruins of Champaner-Pavagadh town was declared a world
heritage site by UNESCO. (July 3, 2004)
- Historical
Sites in Gujrat Crumbling - From Daily Times, historical sites
in Gujrat are crumbling and the district government has made no
arrangements to preserve and protect the rich heritage for future
generations. (May 9, 2004)
- Hunting
for Muziris - From the Hindu, archaeologist has been in the
limelight after he put forward a hypothesis, based on some
striking pieces of evidence, that Muziris, the legendary seaport
of the ancient world, stood at Pattanam, a small town some 12 km
south of the Periyar rivermouth. (April 28, 2004)
- Sanjan
Shards Help Piece Together Parsi History - From the Times of
India, an important find at Sanjan, one of the first Parsi
settlements in India , is expected to provide fresh insights into
the Zoroastrians' flight from Iran to India 1,400 years ago. (April
13, 2004)
- Ancient
Indians Made 'Rock Music' - From the BBC, archaeologists
rediscover a huge rock art site in India where inhabitants used
the local rocks to make musical sounds. (March 19, 2004)
- Monk
Mummy Found in Mountains - From phayul, a mummy of a Tibetan
Buddhist monk, believed to be about 500 years old, has been found
in India's northern Himalayan state of Himachal Pradesh (March
5, 2004)
- Buddha
Site Celebrates U.N. Status - From the BBC, ancient Indian
temple, Buddhism's holiest shrine, is formally dedicated as a
World Heritage site. (February 19, 2004)
- A
Puzzling Wreck - From Archaeology, India's first ancient
shipwreck, discovered recently in the coastal town of
Kadakkarapally, has archaeologists stumped. (January 7,
2004)
- 1,100-year-old
Chola Stone Inscription Found - From the Hindu, inscription of
the Parantaka Chola period has been discovered at a Siva temple at
Ezhuchur, near Padappai, in Sriperumbudur taluk of Kancheepuram
District. (December 31, 2003)
- 1,000-Year-Old
Sculpture Found - From New Inda Press, research team of Kongu
Naadu Vellalar Trust has found a 1,000-year-old sculpture at
Athanur Amman Temple near Rasipuram, highlighting the importance
of trade activities of Tamils. (November 26, 2003)
- A
Monumental Effort - From Frontline, after a delay of about 40
years, the master plan to beautify Mamallapuram, a World Heritage
Site, becomes a reality. (November 8, 2003)
- 1000-year-old,
Long Tamil Inscription Found - From the Hindu, a long
inscription in Tamil, running to 28 lines and about 1,000 years
old, has been discovered at a temple in Ennayiram village, 18 km
from Villupuram town in Tamil Nadu. (November 6, 2003)
- Experts
Split on Ayodhya Findings - From BBC, an archaeological report
it was hoped would resolve the row over the north Indian religious
site only entrenches opinions. (August 23, 2003)
- Search
for Lost River Throws Up 300 AD Site in Haryana - Extensive
excavation in the last seven months at Adi Badri site, 40 km north
of the Yamunanagar district in Haryana, has yielded a 300 AD
Kushan site, and speculation that this may be the spot where the
river had originated. (August 13, 2003)
- Ayodhya
Excavations Completed - From BBC, archaeologists complete
excavation work on the religious site in northern India, the
subject of dispute between Hindus and Muslims. (August 8,
2003)
- Government
to Dig up the Path of the Mythical Saraswati River - From New
India Press, Indian government has decided to take up excavation
along the entire stretch of what was once the route of the long
dried Saraswati river from Haryana to Gujarat. (July 26,
2003)
- Orality
to literacy: Transition in Early Tamil Society - Brahmi script
reached Upper South India and the Tamil country at about the same
time during the 3rd century B.C.E. in the wake of the southern
spread of Jainism and Buddhism. (April 11, 2003)
- Excavations
to Resolve Temple Row - From Guardian Unlimited, a court in
India ordered archaeologists to excavate the site of the
demolished Ayodhya mosque to determine whether a Hindu temple ever
existed there. (March 3, 2003)
- Indian
'Jews' resist DNA tests to prove they are a lost tribe - From
the Telegraph, members of a remote community of Indians who claim
to be descendants of one of the 10 lost tribes of Israel are
resisting plans to carry out genetic tests to prove their
Jewishness. (November 10, 2002)
- Mystery
of Delhi's Iron Pillar Unraveled - Metallurgists at Kanpur IIT
have discovered that a thin layer of misawite, a compound of iron,
oxygen and hydrogen, has protected the 1,600-year-old cast iron
pillar from rust. (July 18, 2002)
- Clues
to Missing Pagodas Found - From the Times of India, submerged
structures found off the coast of Mahabalipuram in the Bay of
Bengal could well solve the mystery of seven pagodas dating back
to 7th century CE. (July 6, 2002)
- Urns
Proof of Ancient Pot Burial - From the Telegraph, evidence of
a prehistoric burial custom of interring dead people in pots has
again surfaced in Tamil Nadu with the chance discovery of six
“burial urns” in Tirunelveli district. (June 20, 2002)
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History of Sanskrit
- Acharya,
IIT Madras - Systems Development Lab - Introductory Sanskrit
lessons using images to display pages of text in mixed Devanagari
and Latin script with transliterations. Glossaries, dictionary,
and script editing software.
- American Sanskrit
Institute - Teaches Sanskrit using programs based in the
theory and practice of yoga.
- Discover Sanskrit
- A concise study of the Sanskrit language and its culture.
Includes brief grammar, sample texts and audio.
- Jambudvipa - Indology &
Sanskrit Studies - A guide to select online resources for
Sanskrit studies.
- Samskrit for All -
Translated articles on science, technology and culture to preserve
and encourage general usage in India.
- Samskrita Bharati
- Internet and offline resources for learning and reading
Sanskrit, newsletter, news, project announcements, and links.
- Sandhi and Syllables
in Classical Sanskrit - A paper on the phonological Sanskrit
language grammatics which is strongly related to Sandhi
(conjunctions) formations.
- Sanskrit - Sanskrit
hymns, good sayings, quotes, riddles, stories, and classes.
- Sanskrit & Sánscrito
- Sanskrit, Yoga and Indian philosophies.
- Sanskrit Fonts, Sanskrit
Texts and Typography. - Site has fonts (for Windows) and
Sanskrit texts with a few other Sanskrit documents for download by
Ulrich Stiehl.
- Sanskrit Portal by Bathula
Venkata Subbaiah - Information related to the Vedas (Srutis),
Smritis (Dharma Shastras), Itihasas, Puranas, and other original
texts, are available for download.
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Indus Valley Civilization
- Harappa - A
glimpse of South Asia before 1947, includes: a 90-slide show by
Jonathon Kenoyer; photos; maps; and a detailed description of the
Indus Civilization.
- Ancient
Gold Treasure Found - An article from the BBC reporting the
discovery in Uttar Pradesh of gold jewelry belonging to the Indus
Valley.
- Ancient
India - Highlights geography and origins of the Indus
civilization, cultural elements and a timeline of the Harappan,
and arts technology and trade. Includes links and a bibliography.
- Birth
of a Civilization - Abstract of an article in Archaeology by
J.M. Kenoyer.
- The
Demise of Utopia - An article by Chris J D Kostman discussing
the theorized collapse and transformation of the Harappan
Civilization.
- Harappa-Mohenjodaro
Cultures - Short description with images.
- Harappan
Astronomy - A discussion of the mathematics and a astronomy of
the Harappan Civilization.
- Harappan
Civilization - A course outline.
- The Harappan
Tradition - Attempt at an evolutionary ethnological synthesis
of the cultural phenomena known variously as the Indus Valley or
Harappan Civilization. Includes: links, maps, images, essays, and
an extensive bibliography.
- Impact
of Dravidians on the Development of Civilization in India -
Particularly a discussion of their impact on the Harappan
Civilization.
- In
Search of Those Elusive Centers and Peripheries - An article
by Chris J.D. Kostman describing the place of the Harappan
Civilization in 2nd millennia BCE world economy.
- Indus
Graffiti as Rock Art and Their Astronomical Implications -
Article by N. S. Valluvan discusses interpretations of the Kanaga
sign.
- Indus
Valley Civilization - A synopsis of the Harappan Civilization
by Vinay Lal of the UCLA History Department.
- The
Indus Valley Civilization - A short synopsis of the Harappan
Civilization. Includes pictures.
- Indus Valley
Civilization in Gujarat - Short descriptions of the Harappan
towns of Dholavira, Lothal, and Surkotda.
- Indus
Valley, Inc. - A article from Discover Magazine asking whether
the growth and existence of this civilization was due to a
capitalist base.
- Indus/Sarasvati
Civilization - An article by Dr S Kalyanaraman discussing the
geology of the dry Sarasvati River and its import to South Asian
archaeology.
- International
Conference on Revisiting Indus/Sarasvati Age & Ancient India
- Details of a conference held in Georgia, 1996 by the World
Association for Vedic studies and includes abstracts.
- Mohenjodaro! - One
hundred slides of the largest ancient Indus Valley city,
Mohenjodaro. Full bibliography, essay and more.
- Questionable
Agendas and Assertions - From Frontline, discussing assertions
made at a gallery on the Harappan Civilization at the National
Museum in Delhi.
- Who Were
They? - A tabular comparison of Dravir and Aryan cultures with
the Harappan.
- Harappan
Horse Myths and the Sciences - An editorial by Michael Witzel
in The Hindu disputing reports of horse remains from the Harappan
period. (March 5, 2002)
- Locating
Indus Civilization Pyrotechnological Craft Production - Field
research at the ancient Indus Valley city of Harappa concentrated
on refining surface survey methods for the location of
pyrotechnological manufacturing areas. (2002)
- Ancient Indus Valley
Script - Harappa presents interviews with the three leading
scholars of the undeciphered ancient Indus Valley script, papers
in pdf format, a dictionary, audio, and resources.
- Earliest
Writing Found - From the BBC, earliest examples of writing may
have been discovered in Pakistan, according to archaeologists
working on the Harappa Project.
- Indo European -
Sanskrit decipherment of the Indus Valley script.
- Indus
Graffiti as Rock Art and their Astronomical Implications - The
Kanaga sign is very common in Indus rock art. It can be
interpreted as the symbol for a primordial god and a Lord of space
and time with an astronomical meaning.
- Murukan in
the Indus Script - Article by Iravatham Mahadevan about the
pan-Indian god Skanda or Murugan and his occurrence in the Indus
Valley script.
- One Sees
What One Wants To - From Frontline, Asko Parpola answering the
alleged decipherment by N.S. Rajaram.
- New
Evidence on the 'Piltdown Horse' Hoax - From Frontline, Witzel
and Farmer accuse Rajaram of fraud. (November 24, 2000)
- Of
Rajaram's 'Horses', 'decipherment', and Civilisational Issues
- From Frontline, Asko Parpola responds to the claims of
decipherment by Rajaram. (November 24, 2000)
- Horseplay
in Harappa - From Frontline, Witzel and Farmer report on media
hype, faked data, and Hindutva propaganda in recent claims that
the Indus Valley Script has been decoded. (October 13,
2000)
- Early
Indus Script - Discovery of sherds at Harappa confirm dates
for discoveries of Early Indus Script on pottery and in the
impression of a square seal on a lump of clay. (October,
1999)
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Dravidians and Dravidian Languages History
- Facts
about Dravidian Languages - Review (written by E. Annamalai)
of the Cambridge University Press publication "The Dravidian
Languages", by Bhadriraju Krishnamurti.
- Kodava
Speech Community: An Ethnolinguistic Study - An article on the
Kodava language, its speakers, and its relationships with other
languages and Kodava culture. From 'Language in India'.
- Description
of the Kannada Language - An account of the script and writing
system of the language, also with details of unicode fonts.
- Kamat's
Potpourri: - History of Kannada Literature - A collection of
brief articles on literary history and earlier religious tracts.
- Kannada Learning Center
- Offers online courses for learning Kannada. Requires
registration and login.
- KannaDa
Saahitya PuTa - Kannada alphabet explained with pictures and
sound; links to Kannada pages.
- Ammamalayalam
- Language Section - Malayalam language resources and learning
tools.
- Ayyappa Paniker -
Poet, professor and critic provides examples of his works, awards
and recognition.
- Malayalam:
A Short History - One page introduction to history of
Malayalam.
- Malayalam Language
Tutor Online - Free tutorial to learn writing Malayalam, the
language spoken by the people of Kerala, India. Simple
descriptions and animated alphabets for quick learning.
- Malayalam on
GNU/Linux - Project aimed at supporting Malayalam language on
GNU/Linux for the user interfaces like X, GNOME and KDE desktop.
- Varamozhi Malayalam
Editor - Free editor, information and support for Malayalam /
Latin (English) transliteration.
- Akilan - All about the
Tamil author Akilan.
- Azhagi Tamil Transliteration
Software - Tamil transliteration software that can be used as
a stand-alone application or in conjunction with other Windows
applications like word processing, mail and chat.
- Bharathidasan
Poems and Songs - A collection of a Tamil poet Bharathidasan's
poems, songs and articles.
- Institute
of Indology and Tamil Studies - Official website of the
Institute of Indology and Tamil Studies at University of Cologne,
Germany.
- Interactive Thamizh - An
interactive Tamil learning site with sounds and pictures,
especially suited for young learners.
- Kural Tamil Software - A
keyboard manager that helps to directly input Tamil in any
Microsoft Windows Application including MS Office, Open Office,
Star Office, WordPad, Notepad, Internet Explorer, Firefox,
Netscape, Yahoo Chat, Google Talk, MSN and AIM chat clients.
- Learn Tamil -
Learn spoken and written Tamil. Practice with volunteers.
- Mozhi
Tamil Research Centre - The Mozhi Trust is a charitable trust
in (Madras) Chennai engaged in resource development in language
learning and teaching and in understanding culture.
- Noolagam.com - Tamil
lessons for all. Tamil lessons with pronunciation. Tamil printable
work sheets. Printable books. Videos.
- Project Madurai
- Electronic versions of printed texts (abbreviated as ETexts) of
ancient Tamil literary works are stored in easily accessible
archives.
- Research
Papers on Tamil Language and Linguistics - Bibliography of
research articles on Tamil language and linguistics.
- Roja
Muthiah Research Library - A brief history of this library in
Chennai, which houses Roja Muthiah's collection of Tamil
publications. Online search the library catalog.
- Search Internet in Tamil -
Internet gateway providing direct search using Tamil characters,
as well as transliteration and translation interfaces.
- Standards for Tamil
Computing - Official site for TSCII encoding standard.
Downloadable fonts, text editors, and conversion tools.
- Tamil
at Penn Language Center - Contains a number of different kinds
of teaching materials suitable for studying spoken and written
Tamil with a teacher.
- Tamil Class
- Contains tips, tools and lessons to learn Tamil. Primary focus
is to help parents teach their kids to speak, read and write
Tamil.
- Tamil Computing Words -
Technical English-Tamil glossary of computer/electronics
engineering terms.
- Tamil
Education Connection - Links to Tamil education centers around
the world.
- Tamil Electronic Library
- A comprehensive site providing information and links to ancient
and current Tamil literature, electronic texts of literary works,
fonts and software.
- Tamil Fonts
- A collection of Tamil fonts for free download.
- Tamil
Fonts TSC TSCII - Implementation tools (fonts, keyboard
editors, convertors) for the proposed Tamil Standard Code for
Information Interchange (TSCII).
- Tamil Internet
2003 Papers - A collection of research papers presented at the
Tamil Internet 2003 Conference.
- Tamil Lessons
- Learn to read Tamil.
- Tamilinix
- Discussion of Tamil language support on Mandrake 9.0 Operating
System.
- Thamil
Paadanool (Tamil Textbook) - Learn Tamil: An online version of
a textbook to teach Tamil to those who know English. Written for
kids in middle school and older.
- Thamizh
Marabu - History of Tamil literature over the ages and samples
of Tamil literature. Site has both English and Tamil content.
- Type in Tamil - Online tool
to easily type in Tamil.
- UCLA
Language Materials Tamil Language Profile - A profile of Tamil
language from University of California at Los Angeles, USA.
- Encyclopedia of Telugu
- A range of translations between English and Telugu, with the
addition of a quiz to test skills.
- Saahiti - A search engine
in Telugu.
- Srinu and Anu's Home Page
- A very big mix of Telugu related items, including a store,
fonts, literature, calendar, and Telugu tutor.
- Telugu
Books - Telugu Pusthakaalu - Telugu dictionaries,
encyclopaedia, Telugu bible, spoken Telugu.
- Telugu Drill and
Practice - Practice telugu letters and words online.
- Telugu Literary Page -
This website is partly in Telugu and represents an effort to bring
Telugu literature to the web.
Indo Aryan Languages History
- About
Hindi-Urdu - Discusses the history of these two speech forms,
essentially considering them as versions of the same language.
- Bangani
- Collection of links to linguistic discussions about Bangani, an
Indo-Aryan language spoken in the lower Himalayas (India). Bangani
has some features in common with the "kentum" (Western
European, Greek and Tokharian) rather than the "satem"
(Balto-Slavic and Indo-Iranian) branches of the Indo-European
family.
- Hindi-Urdu
FAQ - Similarities, differences, origins, and political status
of the two languages.
- Indo-Aryan
Languages - This article presents the historical development
of the Indo-Aryan family of languages, one of the major language
families of the world. These languages, spoken in the northern
half of the Indian subcontinent and in Sri Lanka, are direct
descendants of Sanskrit.
- Scripts
of All of Asia - Comprehensive site on scripts descendent from
ancient Brahmi script.
- Technology Development for
Indian Languages (TDIL) - Information processing tools to
facilitate human-machine interaction in Indian languages.
- Update on the
Aryan Invasion Debate - Online version of a book by Koenraad
Elst, published by Aditya Prakashan in New Delhi (India). It
oulines the latest arguments (including those in linguistics) for
and against the prehistoric invasion of India by Indo-European
speakers.
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This information is compiled by Jayaram V for Hinduwebsite.com
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