Ashtavakra Samhita: Translation and Commentary
Summary: Find here a translation and commentary of the Ashtavakra Samhita (also known as Ashtavakra Gita) by Jayaram V, presented as a continuing series. The scripture consists of 20 chapters and 285 verses, with Chapter 18 being the longest. We have currently completed translations and commentary up to Chapter 10. The Ashtavakra Gita encapsulates the core teachings of Advaita (nondualism), affirming the Self as the absolute, all‑pervading reality and the world as an illusion born of ignorance. Liberation arises from overcoming this delusion and realizing one’s true identity as the pure, indivisible Self.
Historical background
According to Radhakamal Mukherjee, a noted Indian scholar and historian, the Ashtavakra Samhita may have been composed as early as the fourth or fifth century BCE, although no conclusive evidence exists. Based on its clear and systematic exposition of Advaita (nondualism), many scholars believe it was composed much later, either shortly before or after the works of Adi Shankaracharya. Unlike several other Advaita texts, the Ashtavakra Gita is remarkably direct and unambiguous in its presentation. It offers a coherent and uncompromising description of the Self, the nature of reality, and their essential unity, leaving little room for interpretation from the perspectives of other philosophical schools.
The historical Ashtavakra is mentioned in ancient Hindu scriptures such as the Ramayana, the Mahabharata, and several Upanishads. According to legend, he was born with eight deformities (ashta‑vakra), which gave him his name. He is said to have been the grandson of Uddalaka Aruni, a revered sage of the early Upanishadic period, and was raised by him as his own son alongside Svetaketu, who appears prominently in the Chandogya Upanishad. Ashtavakra later distinguished himself in public debates and philosophical discussions, earning widespread respect for his mastery of the Vedas and his intellectual brilliance. King Janaka, known for his spiritual insight and patronage of learned scholars, was particularly impressed by his knowledge.
As far as the Ashtavakra Samhita is concerned, the historical sage has little direct connection with the teaching it contains. There is no evidence that Ashtavakra himself taught nondualism or authored this scripture. His name is used symbolically to represent wisdom, clarity, and spiritual authority. The text consists of 20 chapters and 285 verses (slokas). Chapter 18 is the longest, containing 100 verses, followed by Chapter 2 with 25. Three chapters contain only four verses each. Over the centuries, the scripture has been translated by several eminent scholars. The present work offers an original translation and commentary by Jayaram V, presented as a continuing series until all chapters are completed.