The Ten Virtues of Jain Monks: Ethical Conduct in Jainism

Complied by Pravin K. Shah

Summary: This article examines the tenfold virtues that form the ethical foundation of Jain monastic life. Rooted in the Jain tradition, these virtues—including forbearance, modesty, straightforwardness, and celibacy—represent the highest ideals of self-controlled asceticism. While monks must observe these virtues strictly, lay followers of Jainism practice them partially, making them essential to understanding Jain spiritual philosophy and practice.

Along with the five great vows, monks strive after the tenfold virtues of a self controlled ascetic. The layperson follows these virtues partially.

• Kshamaa Forbearance, Forgiveness
• Maardava Modesty, Humility
• Aarjava Straightforwardness, Candor
• Saucha Contentment
• Satya Truthfullness
• Samyam Selfrestraint, Control of Senses
• Tapa Austerity, Penance
• Tyaga Renunciation
• Akinchanya Nonattachment
• Brahmacharya Celibacy, Chastity.

Monks are required to bear equanimity towards all living beings, friends and foes alike.

In addition to the ten fold virtues Monks live on alms, do not eat food at night, do not use any kind of conveyance, and do not possess any property.

Jain Dashlakshni parva which begins from Bhaadaravo Sud 5, and ends, Bhaadravo Sud 14, Anantachaturdashi, is the celebration of ten virtues, Each day is dedicated to one virtue.

Bhaadaravo Vad 1, is called Kshamaavaanee day. This is the day of forgiving and asking forgiveness.